Archive for December, 2025

Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) for Neurogenic Dysphagia: An Overview

Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) for Neurogenic Dysphagia: An Overview Introduction to Neurogenic Dysphagia and the Need for Restorative Therapy Neurogenic dysphagia (ND) is a swallowing impairment resulting from neurological damage, most commonly caused by stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases.1 ND is associated with severe complications, including malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration […]

The Institute for Neuroplasticity Research is dedicated to pioneering the next frontier of neurological therapeutics by harnessing the brain’s innate capacity for change. We operate at the critical intersection of advanced science and strategic development, focusing on transformative modalities likeย Cell Replacement Therapyย and novel neuromodulation. Our core mission is to de-risk and accelerate the path of […]

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ž: ๐–๐ก๐ฒ ๐Œ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ฌ ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ง ๐ƒ๐ซ๐ฎ๐  ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ.

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐๐ž๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ž: ๐–๐ก๐ฒ ๐Œ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐‚๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ฌ ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Œ๐จ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ง ๐ƒ๐ซ๐ฎ๐  ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ. ๐ˆ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฉ๐ž๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐š ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐œ ๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ข๐œ๐ž. ๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐ฒ ๐๐ซ๐ฎ๐  ๐œ๐š๐ง๐๐ข๐๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌโ€”๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐›๐จ๐๐ข๐ž๐ฌ, ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ ๐ž๐ง๐ณ๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌโ€”๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ง๐จ๐ง-๐ง๐ž๐ ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž. ๐‡๐ž๐ซ๐žโ€™๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐ž๐ ๐จ๐ง ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฅ๐Ÿ: ๐…๐ข๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ […]

๐€๐ซ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ฎ๐ง๐ฅ๐จ๐œ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ?

๐‡๐ž๐š๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž: ๐€๐ซ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ฎ๐ง๐ฅ๐จ๐œ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ? ๐ƒ๐ซ๐ฎ๐  ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ง’๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ญ; ๐ข๐ญ’๐ฌ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐›๐ฎ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ๐จ๐ฅ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ก๐ข๐ญ ๐ข๐ญ. ๐“๐ก๐š๐ญ’๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐๐ฏ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐ข๐ง. ๐†๐จ๐ง๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐š๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ ๐ž๐ญ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ง๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ข๐ง. ๐“๐จ๐๐š๐ฒ, ๐ข๐ญ’๐ฌ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ: โ–ถ๏ธ ๐…๐ฎ๐ง๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: […]

Neuroplasticity: A Strategic Framework for Cognitive Optimization and Adaptive Performance

Neuroplasticity: A Strategic Framework for Cognitive Optimization and Adaptive Performance For the professional committed to continuous improvement and strategic growth, understanding the mechanistic principles of neuroplasticity is not merely academicโ€”itโ€™s a critical operational framework. Moving beyond the simplistic metaphor of “rewiring,” a rigorous comprehension of the brain’s adaptive capacities provides a blueprint for cultivating the […]

Beyond the Nomogram: Achieving Pharmacokinetic Targets to Combat Superbugs

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is perhaps the most pressing global health crisis of our time. The pipeline for new antibiotics is slow, meaning that our most powerful tool in the fight against “superbugs” is optimizing the use of the drugs we already possess. The traditional approach to antibiotic dosingโ€”relying on standard, one-size-fits-all nomogramsโ€”is increasingly inadequate because […]

COVID-19 Treatment Strategies: Dec 2025 update

Moving Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

Image:ย  Computerย Simulation of SARS-CoV-2. Reprinted with kind permission of Janet Iwasa of http://animationlab.utah.edu/cova Should I Get a COVID-19 Vaccine in December 2025 or January 2026? As we move through the winter of 2025-2026, the question of whether to get a COVID-19 vaccine is highly relevant, especially as respiratory viruses typically peak during this time. The […]

๐๐š๐ฏ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐€๐ˆ ๐‘๐ข๐ฌ๐ค ๐ข๐ง ๐‡๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ž: ๐ˆ๐ญ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š ๐…๐ซ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค

๐‡๐ž๐š๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž: ๐๐š๐ฏ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐€๐ˆ ๐‘๐ข๐ฌ๐ค ๐ข๐ง ๐‡๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ž: ๐ˆ๐ญ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š ๐…๐ซ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค ๐€๐ˆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐‹๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐จ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฉ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ข๐š๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ, ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ž. ๐๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง: ๐‡๐จ๐ฐ ๐๐จ ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž “๐›๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ค ๐›๐จ๐ฑ” ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฌ๐š๐Ÿ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž? ๐„๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐€๐€๐Œ๐ˆ ๐“๐ˆ๐‘๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•๐Ÿ. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐“๐ž๐œ๐ก๐ง๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐‘๐ž๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ […]

The Dosing Diet: PK/PD Lessons from the Incretin Revolution

The pharmaceutical landscape is being rapidly reshaped by a class of drugs known as incretin mimetics, particularly the new generation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs). While the public focuses on the dramatic weight loss achieved by agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, the true marvel of these therapeutics lies in their precise Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD).ย These […]

๐Œ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐ž๐›๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ง’๐ญ ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š ๐‡๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐‚๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ. ๐ˆ๐ญโ€™๐ฌ ๐š ๐’๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐„๐œ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ƒ๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง.

๐ˆ๐ง ๐“๐ž๐ง๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ž, ๐Ÿ ๐ข๐ง ๐Ÿ’ ๐ฉ๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐›๐ญ ๐ข๐ง ๐œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ. ๐“๐ก๐š๐ญโ€™๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š ๐ก๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐œโ€”๐ข๐ญโ€™๐ฌ ๐š ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ. ๐Œ๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐›๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ž๐ฌ๐งโ€™๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐š๐ง ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฒ; ๐ข๐ญ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐š ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ก๐ฎ๐ฆ๐š๐ง ๐ก๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ฌ ๐š ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ง๐ฎ๐ž, ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ง๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ก๐ฎ๐ฆ๐š๐ง ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐: ๐ƒ๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐ฌ๐š๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ […]